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East of Schenectady were two aqueducts which crossed and re-crossed the Mohawk River: The Rexford Aqueduct (or Upper Mohawk River Aqueduct) at Rexford, and The Crescent Aqueduct (or Lower Mohawk River Aqueduct) twelve miles downstream at Crescent.
In order to avoid steep, rocky terrain, Canvass White, C.E. devised the plan, approved in 1821, for the canal route to cross and re-cross the Mohawk River at Alexander's Mills (adjacent to Rexford) and at Fonda's Ferry (near Crescent). Continuing in operation until the new State Barge Canal System opened in 1916, a major portion of the Rexford Aqueduct was removed in 1918. The entire Crescent Aqueduct was removed, and nothing remains but a few stones at each end.
The Rexford Aqueduct, or Upper Mohawk River Aqueduct, crossed the Mohawk River at an angle of about 10 degrees NNE from the south side (west end) in Niskayuna, Schenectady County to the north side (east end) in Rexford, Saratoga County. Built in 1842, it replaced the original 1828 Rexford Aqueduct. It was built of random ashlar masonry, probably limestone, and consisted of 14 masonry arches spanning approximately 45 feet to support the towpath, and 14 masonry piers approximately 45 feet wide to support the original timber canal trunk.
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| "Erie Canal (Enlarged), Upper Mohawk River Aqueduct (Rexford
Aqueduct) -- from the Historic American Engineering Record, HAER NY-12 (HAER NY,46-REXFO,1-5) National Park Service, Department of the Interior. |
Plan of the Upper Mohawk River Aqueduct near Schenectady, N.Y. (source unknown). |
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| "Where the Erie Canal crosses the Mohawk River near Schenectady, N.Y." [Looking north from the Niskayuna side] (12464 -- Robson & Adee, Schenectady, N.Y.) -- Double postcard ; UNDB ; not postmarked ; probably 1906. This same view was also issued as two separate postcards (see the postcard below left), and in reduced size on a standard sized postcard (see the postcard below right). | |
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| "Where the Erie Canal crosses the Mohawk River near Schenectady, N.Y." (Robson & Adee, Schenectady, N.Y.) -- Postcard ; postmarked July 27, 1906. | "Where the Erie Canal crosses the Mohawk River near Schenectady" (9349 -- Robson & Adee, Schenectady) -- Postcard ; UNDB ; not postmarked ; probably 1906. |
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| "Erie Canal, Schenectady, N.Y." (no publisher information) -- Postcard ; not postmarked ; approx. 1908. | "The Erie Canal, Schenectady, N.Y." (24692 -- no publisher information) -- Postcard ; postmarked Aug. 17, 1909. |
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| "Erie Canal and Aqueduct, Schenectady, N.Y." (366 -- Rudolph Bros., Syracuse, N.Y.) -- Postcard ; postmarked Nov. 19, 1911. | "Erie Canal, looking West to Bridge, Schenectady, N.Y." (no publisher info.) -- Postcard ; postmarked Oct. 25, 1911. |
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| "New vertical wall at entrance to Upper Mohawk
aqueduct" -- from: Annual Report of the State Engineer and Surveyor of the State of New
York, for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1897 (Wynkoop Hallenbeck Crawford Co.,
1898) [the same curve as that in the postcards above] |
"N.Y. State Dam on Mohawk River at Rexford Flats, Saratoga County, N.Y." -- from: Annual Report of the State Engineer and Surveyor of the State of New York, for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1900 (Albany : James B. Lyon, state printer, 1901) -- facing p. 373. Note the canal and towpath in the foreground and left center. |
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| "The Canal Aqueduct and Bridge crossing the Mohawk River near Schenectady, N.Y." (No. 11634 -- J.J. Cunningham, Schenectady, N.Y.) -- Postcard, postmarked Aug. 16, 1907. This is the upriver side -- the piers on the aqueduct and parallel bridge are angled to fend off floating objects and ice. | "The Aqueduct and Rexford Flats, Schenectady, N.Y. (24684 -- no publisher info.) -- Postcard ; postmarked Aug. 25, 1911. This is the downriver side. Note the canal boat crossing the aqueduct on the left. |
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| "Where the Erie Canal crosses the Mohawk River near Schenectady, N.Y." [Looking west from the Rexford (north) side] (12449 -- David C. Houck, Schenectady, N.Y.) -- Postcard ; postmarked Oct. 16, 1907. | "The Aqueduct near Schenectady where the Erie Canal crosses the Mohawk River, Schenectady, N.Y." (54269 -- The Rotograph Co., N.Y. City) -- Postcard ; UNDB ; "handcolored" ; postmarked Jul. 3, 1907 |
For pictures of the present-day remains of the Rexford Aqueduct, see The Rexford Aqueduct page.
The Crescent Aqueduct, or Lower Mohawk River Aqueduct, re-crossed the Mohawk River 12 miles downstream from the Rexford Aqueduct, from the north side (west end) at Crescent, Saratoga County to the south side (east end) just northwest of Cohoes, Albany County. It also was built of random ashlar masonry, probably limestone, and consisted of 25 masonry arches to support the towpath.
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| "Erie Canal (Enlarged), Lower Mohawk River Aqueduct (Crescent
Aqueduct) -- from the Historic American Engineering Record, HAER NY-12 (HAER NY,46-REXFO,1-6) National Park Service, Department of the Interior. |
"Holzerner Bruck-Canal auf 26. Steinpfeilern uber den Mohawk (from: Bereisung der Vereinigten Staaten von Nordamerika, mit besonderer hinsicht auf den Erie-canal / von A. Duttenhofer (C.W. Loflund, Stuttgart, 1835) -- pg. 57). | "Crescent, N.Y." (no publisher information) -- Postcard ; not postmarked ; probably 1910-1912. |
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| "Barge Canal Contract no. 109" [Crescent Aqueduct] -- from: Annual Report of the State Engineer and Surveyor of the State of New York for the fiscal year ended September 30, 1914 (Albany : J.B. Lyon Co., printers, 1915) -- facing p. 48. | "Barge Canal, Contracts Nos. 109 and 14-B" [Crescent aqueduct] -- from Annual Report of the State Engineer and Surveyor of the State of New York for the fiscal year ended September 30, 1915 (Albany : J. B. Lyon Co, printers, 1916) -- Left: facing p. 82 (the aqueduct paralleling the new New York Highway 146 bridge) ; Right: facing p. 84 (dismantling the Crescent Aqueduct). | |
For pictures of the present-day remains of the Crescent Aqueduct, see The Crescent Aqueduct page.
http://www.eriecanal.org/MohawkAqueducts.html
